Shortland Street - Episodes- Followmy.tv

Nick creates a new identity. Hone's suspicions are aroused. Kirsty has an unwelcome visitor.

Kirsty hunts for a job. Leonard smells a rat. Hone's in trouble.

Jenny gets a surprise guest. A boxer threatens Hone. Katherine arouses a patient's curiosity.

Katherine tries to win around Sarah-Jane. Stuart feels inadequate. Hone does battle with the rats.

Mckenna's worst suspicions are confirmed. Jenny and Nick try to talk to Adam. Kirsty learns something strange about Doctor Blake.

Jonathon finds himself in serious trouble. Kirsty is desperate for money. Hone hears fighting talk.

Michael suffers the consequences of his prejudice. TP takes on a new role. Kirsty's financial crisis leads to big trouble.

Kirsty makes an enemy. Hone has a fight on his hands. Mckenna faces more family trouble.

Kirsty enlists Steve's help. Alex and McKenna try to talk Jonathon round. Jenny fears for Adam's sanity.

Jenny fears for Adam. TP puts Sam in the pink. Kirsty discovers the truth about Katherine.

Nick fears for his sanity. Chris makes a disturbing discovery. Marj shocks everyone.

Jenny is told a deep dark secret. Gina fears she has poisoned Marj. Jonathon and Jamie hit crunch point.

Leonard tries to solve the puzzle of Marj's illness. Kirsty discovers Katherine's secret. Chris is in terrible danger.

Kirsty is vindicated. Nick embarks on a new hobby. Stuart gets sidetracked.

Nick tries to work out with Olivia. Stuart has major grovelling to do. Laurie has a proposal for Marj.

Jaki's past catches up with her. Nick finds he has an unlikely fan. Leonard gets landed with a problem.

Leonard has a change of heart. Jenny stirs up a rebellion. Will Nick give in to temptation?

A heartbroken Nick faces the aunty from hell. Jaki gets bad news about Henry. The party girls have an unexpected visitor.

Nick suspects Aunty Marilyn's intentions. Jaki goes in to bat for Henry. The doctor shortage lands Jenny in serious strife.

Jenny mobilises the staff. Nick tries to save Laurie. Gina is forced to take desperate action.

Rachel gets organised. Marj fears she has lost all. Kirsty finds a solution to her financial problems.

Stuart has a revelation. Marj makes a stand and Rachel stirs up trouble.

Nick's first day at school leaves him horrified. McKenna wimps out. Jaki has to make a decision.

Jaki gives Henry an answer. Is McKenna's new doctor a dud? Marj pushes her luck with Laurie.

Nick's future at school looks grim. Jo has an unwelcome visitor. Jamie forces McKenna to make a decision.

Jo plays with fire. Carmen and Guy get closer. Rachel takes drastic action to get at Alex.

Hone questions Jaki's motives. Steve plays matchmaker. Stuart goes into battle for Jo.

Sam and Jamie clash. Jaki and Henry reach an understanding. Guy takes a blow to the ego.

Jo learns the truth about Paul. Guy faces competition. McKenna goes on the warpath.

Stuart gets an amazing offer. Gina is happy to be ill. Chris and Jaki clash - who is to blame?

Valentine's Day holds a surprise for Alex. Jaki's demotion causes trouble. Stuart plays sleuth with the big boys.

Stuart goes for broke. Jenny and Marj make a pact. What is wrong with Carmen?

Guy lands Carmen in trouble. Chris faces up to his mistakes. Jaki makes a shock announcement.

McKenna turns the tables on Jaki. Stuart feels hard done by. Guy fights for his rights.

No summary found for this show

No summary found for this show

Grace takes charge. Nick is the ideal student. Stuart is out to impress.

Stuart takes a risk and plays dirty. Leonard is a gossip victim. Marj fears a takeover bid.

Guess who's coming to the Warner family dinner? Leonard stands up to be counted. Stuart sweats over a house deal.

Gina and Leonard fall out. Stuart makes an extravagant gesture. Carmen's in trouble.

McKenna plays detective. Gina refuses to cause a fuss. Chris moves back into the fast lane.

Stuart struggles with his conscience. Rachel senses a conspiracy. Leonard suffers a crisis of confidence.

Guy learns the truth about Carmen and Greg. Rachel takes on the prefects. Stuart pays for his sins.

Kirsty has a secret. A big mix-up at the nurses' house. Rachel's in schtuck.

Hone fears for a young patient. Sam's past catches up with him. Leonard makes a rash decision.

Sam protests innocence. Steve returns on a high but is soon brought low. Leonard's worst fears come true.

Grace accuses Leonard of incompetence. Hone gets some answers. Sam battles to clear his name.

TP learns the truth about Sam. The doctors fear for Leonard's sanity. Nick discovers a school secret.

Leonard's competence is on the line. Nick finds out more than he wants to know. Jo and Stuart receive an invitation.

Nick begins to doubt Charlotte. Steve receives some bad news. Jo and Stuart learn what Roydon really has in mind.

Nick keeps his romance undercover. A very difficult patient wreaks havoc at the clinic. Alex finds new inspiration at work.

Jenny and Marj team up. Steve pleads for time off. The immovable Te Aniwa clashes with the irresistible Chris.

Carmen is tortured by temptation. Chris Warner makes a hasty exit. Nick is sprung.

Nick is in despair. Carmen grapples the demons of greed and guilt. Who is the father of Carrie's children?

Could there be a new man in Jo's life? Alex wants a very special birthday present. Who is the father of Carrie's babies?

Carmen tries to act like a winner. Marj catches up with some shock news. Rachel has her suspicions confirmed.

Jo goes visiting. Rachel confides in Nick. Kirsty's on the detective trail.

Guy goes in to bat for Carmen. Jo's secret friendship is revealed. Sam and TP battle over money.

Gina chooses her successor. Alex makes a sacrifice. Steve fears for Jo.

Steve helps Sam and TP - but his war with Chris has disastrous consequences. Nick gives Rachel some good advice.

Tragedy engulfs the clinic. Hone and Grace bring out the best (and worst) in each other. Stuart and Jo put their life together on hold.

Sam rejects his family. The more Chris remembers, the more it hurts. Hone finds ammunition against Grace.

McKenna confronts Grace over her attitude towards a patient. Jo is forced to face the truth. Sam refuses to forgive.

The clinic closes for a funeral. Kirsty preaches honesty and forgiveness. Carmen reveals her true feelings.

Carmen and Guy find themselves moved by circumstances. Chris has a major cross to bear. Bad news follows bad news for Kirsty.

Kirsty is left reeling when she learns the truth about Greg. Marj's suspicions about Lionel are vindicated. Nick meets his match.

Kirsty learns the truth about Lionel. Nick has a not so secret admirer. Grace's past comes back to haunt her.

Carmen surprises Sam. Nick betrays Marj's trust. Alex makes a scene.

Nick confronts a thief. Michael and Alex's feud continues. Carmen tests Guy's love.

Carmen can't believe her luck. Nick sticks up for a friend. Lionel lays his cards on the table.

Lionel is lovelorn. Carmen and Guy get sprung.

Minnie lies about Nick. Lionel changes his image. Sam surprises his new partner.

Nick learns the truth about Charlotte. Chris gets a taste of his own medicine. Lionel's plans to woo Kirsty go dangerously awry.

Chris lands on his feet. Nick and Rachel's plan succeeds - for now. Hone has disturbing news for Michael.

Charlotte plots revenge on Nick. McKenna faces the music. Kirsty struggles to keep in control.

Nick makes another enemy. Kirsty's behaviour starts to worry her friends. A new crisis threatens the McKenna family.

Jonathon is thrown in at the deep end. Chris and Hone reach a compromise. Lionel and Marj fear for Kirsty.

No summary found for this show

No summary found for this show

Michael refuses to go along with Hilary's plans. Rebecca loses heart. Stuart lives life on the edge.

Jo is worried about Stuart's disappearance. McKenna springs a surprise. Promising signs from Alex.

Alex holds the key to Michael's future. Stuart is forced to lie to Jo. Kirsty dumps Rebecca in it.

Rebecca loses a friend. A furry frenzy strikes the clinic. Stuart pleads with Ingrid to help him escape.

Will Sam be pushed too far? McKenna makes a decision about his future with Alex. Stuart fights for his life.

There's a new face at Kennedy's. Jo doesn't trust Stuart. Hone has a date with temptation.

Hone struggles with his conscience. Sam struggles with his staff. Rachel locks horns with her minder.

Sam is rescued in the nick of time. Hone decides to quit while he's ahead. Rachel is down, but definitely not out.

Rachel takes revenge on Rebecca. Carmen gets a surprise house guest. Hone's love life hits crisis point.

Hone's life gets complicated. Guy moves - but not in the direction he expected. Sam faces the unknown.

Jenny fights for control of the clinic. Hone's affair is no longer a secret. Lionel's renovations lead to an amazing find.

Lionel and Kirsty probe an old mystery. Hone's in despair. Stuart faces the press.

Stuart feels misunderstood. Chris and Hone lock horns. Kirsty, Lionel and Guy begin their search.

The hidden treasure is revealed. Hone turns on Jenny. Chris gives an ultimatum.

Chris and Grace come to an arrangement. Sam gets a piece of the action. Unexpected events in the boardroom.

Guy's past comes back to haunt him. Hone is shocked by Hilary's news. The Kennedy's menu offers beefcake.

What is Rebecca's interest in Stuart? Jenny fears Hone's relationship could compromise him. Why is Annie chasing Guy?

Has Guy bitten off more than he can chew? Kirsty sees another side of Lionel. Jenny is reaching the end of her tether.

Guy deals with more fallout from the drug trials. Jenny is driven to the edge. Laurie sees a face from the past.

Marj is entrusted with an awful secret. Grace is betrayed. Hilary gets the knives out.

Nick takes heroic action. Romance comes into Lionel's life. Hilary undermines Jenny's position.

Has Nick spotted a budding romance? The staff are divided on more than one issue. Carmen faces a dilemma.

Lionel lies for love. Marj guns for Ellen. Grace makes a shocking discovery.

Guy and Grace make a crucial discovery. Carmen makes up her mind. Lionel behaves very oddly.

Kirsty and Sam take a plunge with Lionel. Hone rethinks his situation. Rebecca is betrayed by Stuart.

Jenny and Hone smell trouble brewing. Kirsty and Lionel embark on a ""real"" date. The nurses are in for a shock.

Kirsty gets attention. Marj gets a shock. Carmen and Guy turn love into war.

Rachel and Rebecca play on Stuart's fears. Hone makes a big decision. Kirsty is faced with a dilemma.

Stuart faces a life-long fear. Carmen and Guy hold out. Kirsty turns traitor.

Stuart keeps a secret from Jo. Marj accuses Kirsty of treachery. Carmen fears she has pushed Guy too far.

Carmen presents Guy with a bill. Sam makes some surprising decisions. Who will sort out the mess at the clinic?

Nick can't handle a gatecrasher. McKenna finds a strange bedfellow. Sam is dismayed when Alex wants a favour.

Sam finds one door closes and another opens. Marj struggles and wonders if it's worth it. Hone stands accused.

Carmen suspects that Ethan might be playing very nasty games. Rachel has parent trouble. Stuart tries to stay away from Rebecca - but Jo has other plans.

Can Stuart live with temptations? Carmen suspects Ethan has a dark side. Marj is forced to take desperate measures.

Nick downs the evidence. Ethan gets down and dirty. Alex and Sam get down to business.

Hone uncovers a grisly trade. Nick realises he was at fault. Has Carmen found out too much?

Rachel takes a stand. Carmen plays the hero. Stuart and Rebecca flirt with danger.

Stuart gets dumped but he doesn't care. Grace helps Lionel with his technique. Kirsty battles with her conscience.

Stuart has shocking news for Jo. Nick brings new hope for Marj. Lionel rescues a damsel in a bikini.

Grace does some soul-searching. Jo gets mad - and even. Marj stands up for herself. What is ideal health up to?

Hilary bails out. Sam swoons. Carmen makes scones and Guy drops a clanger.

Guy and Lionel find new homes. Chris is on a slippery slope. Hone is persuaded to play Mata Hari.

Michael takes on the enemy. Marj has a warning for Sam. Chris hasn't got a leg to stand on.

McKenna battles Hilary to the bitter end. Rachel sets about charming the enemy. Sam decides to embrace the future.

Sam is accused of sleaziness. Nick warns Rachel she is playing with fire. Has Hone's past caught up with him?

Carmen goes in to bat for Kirsty. Marj gets bolshy. Sam is faced with a major decision.

No summary found for this show

Good news fails to cheer Kirsty. McKenna is furious with Hone. Rachel's plans are trodden underfoot.

McKenna plots to stall the revolution. Grace learns Johnny's secret. Will Chris rekindle an old flame?

Lionel determines to risk all - win all. Grace has a mystery to solve. McKenna is the machiavelli of the clinic.

Nick helps Rachel in the war against Charlotte. Meredith reveals the mystery project. Grace and Johnny are on the spot.

Johnny lies to Ellen. Nick breaks a promise. Kirsty wavers from the straight and narrow.

Chris wants another chance. Kirsty starts to weave a tangled web. Nick's moment of glory is short-lived.

Nick is rushed into the operating theatre. McKenna applies reverse psychology. An unexpected invitation comes Meredith's way.

Rachel's cunning plan backfires. Meredith's troubled by Annie's proposal. The boys fight over Kirsty - but who will win?

The competition for Kirsty is on in earnest. The course of true love does not run smooth for Chris. Grace forces Johnny to tell the truth.

Ellen tries to cope with Johnny's news. Marj's committee lurches into action. Brittany reveals her secret passion to Nick.

Grace tells Rachel a home truth. Ellen frets. Trouble looms for Kirsty.

Greg is forced to play the dating game. Rachel has an identity crisis. Ellen swallows Johnny's story.

Kirsty's plan backfires. Sam confesses a guilty secret. Meredith takes a big step.

No summary found for this show

Chris faces the truth about Meredith and Annie. Kirsty copes with Lionel's rejection. Nice Rachel turns nasty.

Rachel gets plotting. So does Nick. Marj makes trouble for Meredith.

Nick's cunning plan takes an unfortunate turn. Meredith battles the gossip machine. Sam gets an offer he can't refuse.

Nick finds himself in hot water. Meredith makes a decision. The ruthless world of fashion comes to the clinic.

Marj feels misunderstood. Rachel plots to regain romance. Greg's dark side is revealed.

Guy's game-playing backfires. Jo tries her hand at manipulation. Nick tries to save Minnie's soul.

Nick tells Brittany the truth. The mystery surrounding Hone deepens. Stuart needs a friend - badly.

Guy can't find a friend. McKenna gets tough with Hone. Nick faces temptation with Brittany.

Nick says goodbye to love. Marj tells Meredith all. Chris realises the truth.

Ethical dilemmas for McKenna and Chris. Carmen falls for Guy all over again. Kirsty eats humble pie.

Guy takes charge. Grace takes offence. Sam takes a big risk.

Marj resolves to fight Hone's battles. Kirsty's financial woes prompt a decision. Grace smells a rat, and sees double.

Greg thinks he's onto a good thing. Nick plays detective. Hone finds Maria in danger.

Hone fears for Maria. Nick goes autograph-hunting. Guy stands up for his rights.

Will Sam get a fair hearing? Hone does what he does for Maria. Minnie's triumph brings heartache for Ellen.

Ellen's world comes crashing down. Jenny takes on a big dispute. McKenna has some shocking news for Hone.

Ellen learns the truth about Johnny. Greg surprises Kirsty and Rebecca fears for Sam.

Ellen confronts Johnny. Sam looks at his priorities. Stuart tells Kirsty a major truth.

Chris is forced into a decision. Greg pacifies Kirsty. Minnie takes sides in love and war.

Sam thinks he's made it big. Hone is forced to tell Marj all. Jo's worst fears are confirmed.

Jo confronts Chris about Greg. Lionel breaks down and cries. Sam meets the band's new singer.

Minnie rebels. Marj and Laurie get their wires crossed. Chris makes a big mistake.

Sam gets it wrong. Will Marj plunge headlong into sin? Nick is horrified to learn of his fate.

Minnie takes desperate measures. Greg's friendship with Chris is put to the test. Marj and her rival size each other up.

Chris has a close shave. Marj finds Laurie has a secret. Have Lionel's dreams come true?

Jo decides to throw a party. Nick has unwanted guests. Marj takes a shine to the new ""doctor"".

Jo breaks out of her rut. Otis sticks his nose in. Minnie's war with Ellen reaches flashpoint.

Chris gets ugly. Lionel gets a date with a dream. Hone is confronted by Otis.

Stuart and Guy think Lionel's lost it. Otis makes hone think twice. Will Marj stand up for her man?

Marj longs to be ruthless. Nick declares war on his unwanted house guests. Jo finds comfort from an unlikely source.

Laurie and Marj hide their true feelings. Greg has Jo unsettled. Grace has a secret.

Nick hits Johnny where it hurts. McKenna feels ganged up on. Are Greg and Jo heading for a fall?

Kirsty gets a surprise. Johnny's patience wears thin. What is wrong with Laurie.

Michael chafes under Ruth's regime. Lipstick tells a tale on Donald. Hone tells a tale on Greg.

Greg makes a startling declaration. Laurie goes from bad to worse. Is Grace for Donald or against him?

Nick goes retro. McKenna offers hope for Laurie. Sam thinks Rebecca is miss perfect, or is she?

Donald takes the cake. Jo is undecided. Nick and Rachel's business goes to the dogs.

Rebecca reveals a secret. Nick and Johnny find they have something in common. Marj has a surprise for Laurie.

McKenna and Hone lock horns. Nick turns traitor in the war against snuffy. Chris turns on a friend.

McKenna declares war. Nick's truce with the Buckmans is shortlived. Kirsty learns the awful truth.

Jo stands by her man. Marj and Laurie face another hurdle. Guy's worst fears come true.

What is Carmen's terrible secret? Marj decides it's time for compromise. Hone shifts camp.

A big day for Marj and Laurie. Chris is forced to face his sordid past. Otis goes too far.

Sam and Beck have tea for two. The Buckman wars get nasty. Kirsty finds a surprise package.

Sam thinks he has a secret admirer. Jo gets more bad news. Nick faces a ton of trouble.

Carmen puts her management skills to use. Lionel fears an architect has designs on his beloved. Jo makes a final decision.

Kirsty sees the light. Otis gets down and dirty. Chris smells profit. Ronnie has a big surprise for Lionel.

Otis plays doctor. Sam and Rebecca come to a new understanding. Little red riding hood meets a big bad wolf.

The neighbours war is a real blast. Lionel is a desperate man. Ellen finds Otis has a deep dark secret.

Otis comes clean - or does he? Lionel faces another disappointment. Rebecca plays detective.

Rebecca covers for Chris. Grace and Donald clash over a patient. Lionel's in big big trouble.

There are fears for Lionel's sanity. Guy and Hone battle it out. Nick's party holds a few surprises.

The dirty world of politics comes to the clinic. Rachel delivers an ultimatum. Kirsty fears for Lionel.

Hone feels like a has-been. Lionel has an alibi - or does he? Chris's bad habit forces him into a corner.

Lionel seeks lost treasure. Chris gets his just desserts. Kirsty finds Stuart has a business secret.

Kirsty confronts an old enemy. Grace makes a big decision. Lionel makes a rash move.

Hone rouses the troops for battle. Rachel's worst nightmare reappears. Beck has trouble on wheels.

Kirsty plans war with Darryl. Lionel plays detective. Nick gets his hopes up.

Kirsty plays Darryl at his own game. Grace reviews her options in love. A nasty surprise awaits the touch team.

Grace is pipped at the post. The clinic is whipped but never beaten. Everyone is surprised to meet the new nurse.

Life's a joke - but Hone doesn't get it. Rebecca begins her brilliant career. Nick fears a break-up.

Rebecca's studies are interrupted. Nick plots and makes a discovery. Darryl won't take no for an answer.

Jenny and Johnny make a decision. Kirsty sees red. Darryl makes a deal.

Chris faces temptation. Grace hears shocking news. Ellen feels betrayed.

Jenny and Ellen are estranged. Kirsty crosses Darryl. McKenna finds out about Chris's problems.

Chris changes jobs. Sam's worried about insomnia. Nick's bubble bursts.

Rebecca plans. Sam's onto a good thing. Kirsty's appalled by Waverley's boyfriend.

Waverley won't be warned. Sam goes undercover. Minnie goes flat hunting and finds more than she expected.

Rebecca has a mission. Minnie wants to get away from it all. Sam's success is shortlived.

Darryl asks a favour. Rachel takes on her rival. Chris has a change of heart.

Tragedy strikes the Neilsons. Rebecca has second thoughts. Sam gets an offer he can't refuse.

Kirsty hunts for clues. Otis comes face to face with his past. Rachel and Edward confront the racists.

Rachel makes a threat. Chris gets on his bike. Stuart finds a clue.

Stuart plays detective. Sam frets over Rex's threats. Kirsty and Beck make Craig an offer.

Chris has a nasty shock in store for Rebecca. Stuart finds out the truth about Darryl. Things hot up at insomnia.

Otis suffers in silence. Rebecca makes a decision about Chris. Lionel risks all but who is the real hero?

Lionel knows he's not worthy. Craig plays his trump card. Chris has a soft spot for Rebecca.

Waverley finds a new love. Sam fronts Rex O'Reilly. Kirsty declares her feelings for Lionel.

Otis is forced into a corner. Rachel is furious about Waverley's date. Sam plays detective.

Alex feels the strain. Rachel has more than one admirer. Jenny decides to take action.

Grace runs but cannot hide. Rachel has her pick of the bunch. Marj's good intentions lead to a shocking discovery.

Jenny and Johnny's secret is short-lived. Lionel turns super-hero. Nick has a prize in his sights.

Injustice abounds at Ferndale. Grace struggles to please Marj. Kirsty catches more than she bargained for.

Lionel and Kirsty make a big decision. Alex has an unwelcome delivery. Jenny stands by her man.

Lionel and Kirsty play lucky dip. Carmen gets a surprise in a skirt. Who is the father of Ramona's baby?

Rachel sticks to her guns. Jenny makes a stand for love. Will gossip triumph over Kirsty?

Michael fears a repeat performance. Rachel's crusade is over... Or is it? Marj and Laurie make a shock purchase.

Marj learns Jenny's true feelings. The staff rally round grace. Michael takes Alex's fears very seriously.

Alex is backed into a corner. Lionel goes in to bat for Kirsty. The prizegiving audience gets more than they bargained for.

McKenna gets a surprise offer. Nick finds fame has its low points. What is Grace hiding from Marj?

Mckenna gets the wrong idea - or does he? Guy tries to keep a family secret. Lionel thinks Kirsty's keeping him in the closet.

Carmen gets revenge on Guy. Waverley puts Stuart on the spot. Emma has Alex right where she wants her.

Mad Alex is on the loose. Waverley asks are you experienced? Kirsty's mum makes a shock announcement.

Rachel plays detective. Competition runs hot at the trivia night. Nick's end is Waverley's means.

Guy has a surprise for Carmen. Waverley gets experienced. Lionel thinks it's time to talk.

Guy blows it with Carmen. Nick's relationship hots up. Michael's illusions are shattered.

Michael finds he must go it alone. Nick fights for love. Chris faces an intruder.

Kirsty is faced with a dilemma. Vic has a surprise or two for Carmen. Waverley wimps out.

The McKenna's outsmart Emma. Kirsty considers her mother's offer. Waverley tells nick the truth.

Nick's accounting exam is in the balance. Hone gets the run around. Sam's resignation could be fatal.

Ellen defends her territory. Hone lays down a challenge for Manny. Waverley needs a shoulder to cry on.

Stuart saves the day. Otis and grace see their name in lights. Rachel plays P.I.

Beck meets her match. Marj fails as cupid. Carmen reassesses her father - again.

Waverley trifles with Nick's emotions. Carmen learns the truth about Vic. Rebecca finds herself in a compromising position.

Nick lands one dud role too many. Beck has a change of heart. Kirsty looks into the jaws of debt.

Nick sees the light. The panto rehearsals begin. Chris returns home to a shock.

Carmen makes Vic an offer. Michael takes action. Kirsty gets revenge on Darryl.

McKenna tries to resuscitate his Christmas spirit. The panto pushes Marj to the limit. Sam heads for trouble.

Lionel tells Kirsty his awful secret. Guy comes to an arrangement with Carmen's father. Chris gives Rebecca an ultimatum.

Darryl hatches another evil plan. The panto takes an unexpected twist. Hone fears for his nephew.

Chris thwarts Manny's plans. Nick gets bad news. Lionel's best man springs a surprise.

Rebecca has a change of heart. Marj and Nick ponder the secret life of Gina. Rachel and McKenna get their hopes up.

Rachel despairs over Alex's decision. Nick gets the dirt on Gina. Lionel gets a nasty surprise.

Darryl gets his revenge. Alex has a change of heart. Hone makes a serious threat.